Menanamkan Moderasi Beragama Sejak Dini: Integrasi dalam Pembelajaran SKI di Kelas Tinggi Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI)
Keywords:
religious moderation, History of Islamic Culture, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, character, contextual learning
Abstract
This study aims to examine the integration of values of religious moderation through the teaching of Islamic Cultural History (SKI) in upper-grade classes of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). The background of this research is based on the importance of strengthening students’ moderate character amidst the rising phenomena of intolerance and radicalism, as well as the suboptimal implementation of moderation values in SKI instruction, which still tends to be cognitively oriented. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research subjects included SKI teachers, students in grades IV–VI, and the madrasah principal, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, followed by analysis using the interactive model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, comprising the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Research findings indicate that the integration of religious moderation values into Islamic Studies (SKI) instruction is carried out through three main aspects: content, methods, and assessment. Values such as tolerance (tasamuh), balance (tawazun), justice (i‘tidal), and moderation (tawasuth) are integrated into history content, particularly through the exemplary stories of Islamic figures. Participatory and contextual teaching methods, such as storytelling, discussion, and problem-based learning, have proven effective in internalizing these values. However, implementation still faces challenges in the form of limited teacher competencies, the dominance of conventional methods, and evaluations that do not yet address affective aspects. The integration of religious moderation values into Islamic Cultural History (SKI) learning positively contributes to the formation of students’ tolerant and inclusive character. Therefore, strengthening teachers’ competencies, fostering learning innovations, and developing authentic assessments are necessary to optimize the internalization of religious moderation values in elementary madrasahs (MI).
References
Abbas, Ngatmin, Mukhlis Fathurrohman, Alfian Eko Rochmawan, and Elina Intan Apriliani. “Aktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Buku Ajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Islam Universalia: International Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Sciences 6, no. 1 (2024).
Anam, Saeful, Vela Shofa Royatuz Zaman, and Khusnan Iskandar. “Teaching Methods and the Integration of Moderation Values in Islamic Religious Education in Schools.” Journal of Education and Religious Studies 3, no. 02 (2023): 53–58.
Aslamiyah, Rubiatul, and Muhammad Arif Hulu. “INTEGRASI MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM MATERI PAI SMA/SMK SEBAGAI UPAYA MENUMBUHKAN NILAI TOLERANSI PADA SISWA.” Raudhah Proud To Be Professionals: Jurnal Tarbiyah Islamiyah 10, no. 3 (2025): 1527–37.
Assyifa, Habibah Shofiyah, and Zudan Rosyidi. “Analisis Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Kisah Teladan Nabi Muhammad Pada Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Di MI.” TSAQAFATUNA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 1 (2024): 15–21.
Aziz, Mursal, Muhammad Hasbie Ashshiddiqi, Sri Nurmala Sari, and Sumatera Utara. “Kurikulum Merdeka in Early Childhood Islamic Education for Character and Spirituality.” Curricula: Journal of Curriculum Development 4, no. 2 (2025): 1409–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17509/curricula.v4i2.88847.
Aziz, Mursal, Dedi Sahputra Napitupulu, and Linda Hayati. “Implementation of Extracurricular Curriculum in Instilling Character Education in MIS Pasar Bilah Labuhanbatu Utara.” Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan 20, no. 2 (2026): 716–28. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/aq.v20i2.5478.
Aziz, Mursal, Dedi Sahputra Napitupulu, and Zamzam Khairani. “Implementasi Kurikulum Al-Qur’an Di TK Al -Ikhwan Kualuh Hilir Dalam Membangun Karakter Islam Anak Usia Dini.” PAUDIA : Jurnal Penelitian Dalam Bidang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 14, no. 3 (2025): 671–87. https://doi.org/10.26877/paudia.v14i3.1777.
Biantoro, Oktio Frenki, and Asep Rahmatullah. “Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Pembinaan Moral Siswa Di Sekolah.” Pelita: Jurnal Studi Islam Mahasiswa UII Dalwa 2, no. 2 (2025): 225–41.
Dwiputro, Retna Maskur. “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Blended Learning Di Sekolah Menengah Atas.” Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 15, no. 2 (2022): 339–56.
Faqih, Ahmad Izzuddin, and Abd Muhith. “Teachers’ Strategies in Promoting Religious Moderation in Islamic Primary Education: A Case Study at MI Nurul Huda Bondowoso.” ATTADIB 10, no. 1 (2026): 65–81.
Firmansyah, Muhamad Taufiq, and Moh Vito Miftahul Munif. “Internalisasi Nilai Moderasi Beragama Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” MIDA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Islam 9, no. 1 (2026): 26–35.
Harmi, Hendra. “Model Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Moderasi Beragama.” JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia) 7, no. 2 (2022): 228–34.
Hasan, Moch Sya’roni, Muhammad Anas Ma’arif, Qurrotul Ainiyah, Ainur Rofiq, and Mujahidin Mujahidin. “Edukasi Moderasi Beragama Melalui Seni Dan Budaya Islam.” An Naf’ah: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (2024): 128–39.
Hasanah, Nur Zaytun, and Dhiko Saifuddin Zakly. “Pendekatan Integralistik Sebagai Media Alternatif Inovasi Pendidikan Islam Di Era Milenial.” Asatiza: Jurnal Pendidikan 2, no. 3 (2021): 151–61.
Khoiriyah, Dea Aminatul, Munawir Munawir, and Dzakirina Dzul Karami. “PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM PADA JENJANG MI SEBAGAI SARANA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER.” EL-Muhbib Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar 8, no. 2 (2024): 167–78.
Kurniawan, Syamsul, and Feny Nida Fitriyani. “Thomas Lickona’s Idea on Character Education Which Builds Multicultural Awareness: Its Relevance for School/Madrasah in Indonesia.” Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 14, no. 1 (2023): 33–53.
Lickona, Thomas. “Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education.” Journal of Moral Education 25, no. 1 (March 1996): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110.
Muafiq, Ahmad, and Chusnul Muali. “Strategi Integrasi Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Untuk Penguatan Karakter Siswa: Strategi Integrasi Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Untuk Penguatan Karakter Siswa.” Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 10, no. 03 (2025): 230–43.
Muhaemin, Muhaemin, Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah, Mustaqim Pabbajah, and Hasbi Hasbi. “Religious Moderation in Islamic Religious Education as a Response to Intolerance Attitudes in Indonesian Educational Institutions.” Journal of Social Studies Education Research 14, no. 2 (2023): 253–74.
Munawir, Munawir, and Muhammad Rizky Firmansyah. “Urgensi Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI).” FIKRAH 7, no. 2 (2023): 195–208.
Murdianto, Murdianto. “Peran TGH. Salman Alfarisi Terhadap Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam Di Desa Loang Maka Kecamatan Janapria Lombok Tengah NTB.” ALACRITY: Journal of Education, 2022, 118–30.
Musthofa, M Arif. “Madrasah Teacher Management in Enhancing Students’ Understanding of Religious Moderation.” Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme 7, no. 2 (2025): 782–98.
Nazopah, Nada, and Adi Fadli. “The Islamic Education Methods As An Effort To Strengthen Religious Moderation In Elementary Schools.” Al-Mubin: Islamic Scientific Journal 7, no. 1 (2024): 438–51.
Nurfajriani, Wiyanda Vera, Muhammad Wahyu Ilhami, Arivan Mahendra, Muhammad Win Afgani, and Rusdy Abdullah Sirodj. “Triangulasi Data Dalam Analisis Data Kualitatif.” Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 10, no. 17 (2024): 826–33.
Rahmadhani, Octavia Dwi. “The Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning Methods Oriented Towards the Development of Religious Moderation Attitudes.” Journal of Research in Islamic Education 7, no. 2 (2025): 925–38.
Rohman, Miftahur, Zulkipli Lessy, and Nurul Faizah. “Problematika Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Kurikulum KMA 183 Tahun 2019 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Terampil: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Dasar 9, no. 2 (2022): 191–204.
Rusydi, Ibnu. “Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Di Madrasah.” Risalah Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam 7, no. 1 (2021): 75–83.
Salam, Miftahus, and Badrul Mudarris. “STRATEGI INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI MODERASI BERAGAMA SEBAGAI UPAYA PREVENTIF TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN RADIKALISME SISWA DI MADRASAH BERBASIS PESANTREN.” Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 10, no. 04 (2025): 400–414.
Saputera, Abdurrahman Adi. “Tingkat Pemahaman Moderasi Beragama, Integrasi, Dan Internalisasi Pengembangan Nilai-Nilainya Di Ma. Alkhairaat Kota Gorontalo.” Moderatio: Jurnal Moderasi Beragama 2, no. 1 (2022): 87–100.
Sholeh, Ahmad, Alfan Nur Azizi, Maryam Faizah, and M Abdullah Amir. “Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran SKI MI/SD Berbasis Android Dengan Pemanfaatan Audio Visual Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Mahasiswa.” JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 7, no. 8 (2024): 8728–38.
Sholikhah, Virdatus, Nurul Aini, and Dwi Noviani. “Integrating the Values of Islam Rahmatan Lil ‘Alamin into Learning Practices in Madrasah Tsanawiyah.” International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion 8, no. 3 (2025): 389–96.
Siregar, Mufidatul Husna, and Syarifah Widya Ulfa. “Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Pada Pembelajaran Biologi Di Sekolah Islam Terpadu (IT).” Research and Development Journal of Education 8, no. 1 (2022): 230–41.
Suprapto, Suprapto. “Integrasi Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam.” Edukasi 18, no. 3 (2020): 355–68.
Syafii, Ahmad, Sahri Bulan, Hasnawati Hasnawati, and Akmal Akmal. “POTRET MODERASI BERAGAMA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI MTs AS’ADIYAH ULOE.” Wawasan: Jurnal Kediklatan Balai Diklat Keagamaan Jakarta 4, no. 2 (2023): 203–19.
Warwefubun, Jamain, J N Nafila, and Alfian Jamal. “Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam: Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama Islam.” Jurnal DinamikA 6, no. 2 (2025): 101–17.
Yosita, Yosita, Dewi Purnama Sari, and Asri Karolina. “Analisis Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Upaya Mewujudkannya Di MIN 1 Lebong.” institut agama islam negeri, 2023.
Yufarika, SDA Defi, Triyo Supriyatno, and Indah Aminatuz Zuhriyah. “Strategi Pembentukan Karakter Religius Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Al-Madrasah: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 9, no. 2 (2025): 552–73. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v9i2.4852.
Anam, Saeful, Vela Shofa Royatuz Zaman, and Khusnan Iskandar. “Teaching Methods and the Integration of Moderation Values in Islamic Religious Education in Schools.” Journal of Education and Religious Studies 3, no. 02 (2023): 53–58.
Aslamiyah, Rubiatul, and Muhammad Arif Hulu. “INTEGRASI MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM MATERI PAI SMA/SMK SEBAGAI UPAYA MENUMBUHKAN NILAI TOLERANSI PADA SISWA.” Raudhah Proud To Be Professionals: Jurnal Tarbiyah Islamiyah 10, no. 3 (2025): 1527–37.
Assyifa, Habibah Shofiyah, and Zudan Rosyidi. “Analisis Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Kisah Teladan Nabi Muhammad Pada Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Di MI.” TSAQAFATUNA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 1 (2024): 15–21.
Aziz, Mursal, Muhammad Hasbie Ashshiddiqi, Sri Nurmala Sari, and Sumatera Utara. “Kurikulum Merdeka in Early Childhood Islamic Education for Character and Spirituality.” Curricula: Journal of Curriculum Development 4, no. 2 (2025): 1409–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17509/curricula.v4i2.88847.
Aziz, Mursal, Dedi Sahputra Napitupulu, and Linda Hayati. “Implementation of Extracurricular Curriculum in Instilling Character Education in MIS Pasar Bilah Labuhanbatu Utara.” Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan 20, no. 2 (2026): 716–28. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/aq.v20i2.5478.
Aziz, Mursal, Dedi Sahputra Napitupulu, and Zamzam Khairani. “Implementasi Kurikulum Al-Qur’an Di TK Al -Ikhwan Kualuh Hilir Dalam Membangun Karakter Islam Anak Usia Dini.” PAUDIA : Jurnal Penelitian Dalam Bidang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 14, no. 3 (2025): 671–87. https://doi.org/10.26877/paudia.v14i3.1777.
Biantoro, Oktio Frenki, and Asep Rahmatullah. “Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Pembinaan Moral Siswa Di Sekolah.” Pelita: Jurnal Studi Islam Mahasiswa UII Dalwa 2, no. 2 (2025): 225–41.
Dwiputro, Retna Maskur. “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Blended Learning Di Sekolah Menengah Atas.” Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 15, no. 2 (2022): 339–56.
Faqih, Ahmad Izzuddin, and Abd Muhith. “Teachers’ Strategies in Promoting Religious Moderation in Islamic Primary Education: A Case Study at MI Nurul Huda Bondowoso.” ATTADIB 10, no. 1 (2026): 65–81.
Firmansyah, Muhamad Taufiq, and Moh Vito Miftahul Munif. “Internalisasi Nilai Moderasi Beragama Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” MIDA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Islam 9, no. 1 (2026): 26–35.
Harmi, Hendra. “Model Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Moderasi Beragama.” JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia) 7, no. 2 (2022): 228–34.
Hasan, Moch Sya’roni, Muhammad Anas Ma’arif, Qurrotul Ainiyah, Ainur Rofiq, and Mujahidin Mujahidin. “Edukasi Moderasi Beragama Melalui Seni Dan Budaya Islam.” An Naf’ah: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (2024): 128–39.
Hasanah, Nur Zaytun, and Dhiko Saifuddin Zakly. “Pendekatan Integralistik Sebagai Media Alternatif Inovasi Pendidikan Islam Di Era Milenial.” Asatiza: Jurnal Pendidikan 2, no. 3 (2021): 151–61.
Khoiriyah, Dea Aminatul, Munawir Munawir, and Dzakirina Dzul Karami. “PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM PADA JENJANG MI SEBAGAI SARANA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER.” EL-Muhbib Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar 8, no. 2 (2024): 167–78.
Kurniawan, Syamsul, and Feny Nida Fitriyani. “Thomas Lickona’s Idea on Character Education Which Builds Multicultural Awareness: Its Relevance for School/Madrasah in Indonesia.” Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 14, no. 1 (2023): 33–53.
Lickona, Thomas. “Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education.” Journal of Moral Education 25, no. 1 (March 1996): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110.
Muafiq, Ahmad, and Chusnul Muali. “Strategi Integrasi Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Untuk Penguatan Karakter Siswa: Strategi Integrasi Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Untuk Penguatan Karakter Siswa.” Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 10, no. 03 (2025): 230–43.
Muhaemin, Muhaemin, Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah, Mustaqim Pabbajah, and Hasbi Hasbi. “Religious Moderation in Islamic Religious Education as a Response to Intolerance Attitudes in Indonesian Educational Institutions.” Journal of Social Studies Education Research 14, no. 2 (2023): 253–74.
Munawir, Munawir, and Muhammad Rizky Firmansyah. “Urgensi Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI).” FIKRAH 7, no. 2 (2023): 195–208.
Murdianto, Murdianto. “Peran TGH. Salman Alfarisi Terhadap Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam Di Desa Loang Maka Kecamatan Janapria Lombok Tengah NTB.” ALACRITY: Journal of Education, 2022, 118–30.
Musthofa, M Arif. “Madrasah Teacher Management in Enhancing Students’ Understanding of Religious Moderation.” Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme 7, no. 2 (2025): 782–98.
Nazopah, Nada, and Adi Fadli. “The Islamic Education Methods As An Effort To Strengthen Religious Moderation In Elementary Schools.” Al-Mubin: Islamic Scientific Journal 7, no. 1 (2024): 438–51.
Nurfajriani, Wiyanda Vera, Muhammad Wahyu Ilhami, Arivan Mahendra, Muhammad Win Afgani, and Rusdy Abdullah Sirodj. “Triangulasi Data Dalam Analisis Data Kualitatif.” Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 10, no. 17 (2024): 826–33.
Rahmadhani, Octavia Dwi. “The Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning Methods Oriented Towards the Development of Religious Moderation Attitudes.” Journal of Research in Islamic Education 7, no. 2 (2025): 925–38.
Rohman, Miftahur, Zulkipli Lessy, and Nurul Faizah. “Problematika Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Kurikulum KMA 183 Tahun 2019 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Terampil: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Dasar 9, no. 2 (2022): 191–204.
Rusydi, Ibnu. “Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Di Madrasah.” Risalah Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam 7, no. 1 (2021): 75–83.
Salam, Miftahus, and Badrul Mudarris. “STRATEGI INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI MODERASI BERAGAMA SEBAGAI UPAYA PREVENTIF TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN RADIKALISME SISWA DI MADRASAH BERBASIS PESANTREN.” Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 10, no. 04 (2025): 400–414.
Saputera, Abdurrahman Adi. “Tingkat Pemahaman Moderasi Beragama, Integrasi, Dan Internalisasi Pengembangan Nilai-Nilainya Di Ma. Alkhairaat Kota Gorontalo.” Moderatio: Jurnal Moderasi Beragama 2, no. 1 (2022): 87–100.
Sholeh, Ahmad, Alfan Nur Azizi, Maryam Faizah, and M Abdullah Amir. “Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran SKI MI/SD Berbasis Android Dengan Pemanfaatan Audio Visual Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Mahasiswa.” JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 7, no. 8 (2024): 8728–38.
Sholikhah, Virdatus, Nurul Aini, and Dwi Noviani. “Integrating the Values of Islam Rahmatan Lil ‘Alamin into Learning Practices in Madrasah Tsanawiyah.” International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion 8, no. 3 (2025): 389–96.
Siregar, Mufidatul Husna, and Syarifah Widya Ulfa. “Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Pada Pembelajaran Biologi Di Sekolah Islam Terpadu (IT).” Research and Development Journal of Education 8, no. 1 (2022): 230–41.
Suprapto, Suprapto. “Integrasi Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam.” Edukasi 18, no. 3 (2020): 355–68.
Syafii, Ahmad, Sahri Bulan, Hasnawati Hasnawati, and Akmal Akmal. “POTRET MODERASI BERAGAMA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI MTs AS’ADIYAH ULOE.” Wawasan: Jurnal Kediklatan Balai Diklat Keagamaan Jakarta 4, no. 2 (2023): 203–19.
Warwefubun, Jamain, J N Nafila, and Alfian Jamal. “Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam: Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama Islam.” Jurnal DinamikA 6, no. 2 (2025): 101–17.
Yosita, Yosita, Dewi Purnama Sari, and Asri Karolina. “Analisis Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Upaya Mewujudkannya Di MIN 1 Lebong.” institut agama islam negeri, 2023.
Yufarika, SDA Defi, Triyo Supriyatno, and Indah Aminatuz Zuhriyah. “Strategi Pembentukan Karakter Religius Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Al-Madrasah: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 9, no. 2 (2025): 552–73. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v9i2.4852.
Published
2026-05-01
Section
Articles
